6 See also 7 Notes

y, in 1955 William Hanna & Joseph Barbera, the writer-directors of the Tom and Jerry cartoons, became the heads of the studio. The cartoon studio was closed in mid-1957,[5] at which time Hanna and Barbera took much of the staff to form their own company, Hanna-Barbera Productions.[6]
Contents  [hide]
1 Early years
2 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer characters
3 Golden Age of American animation
3.1 Early years
3.2 Harman and Ising return
3.3 Hanna-Barbera: Tom and Jerry
3.4 Tex Avery
3.5 1950s, CinemaScope
3.6 Later years
3.7 Legacy
4 Notable crew members
5 Productions
5.1 Theatrical cartoon shorts series
5.2 One-shot theatrical shorts
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
Early years[edit]

To promote their films and attract larger theater audiences, motion picture chains in the 1930s provided many features to supplement the main feature, including travelogues, serials, short comedy subjects, newsreels and cartoons. During the late 1920s, Walt Disney Productions had achieved huge popular and critical success with their Mickey Mouse cartoons for Pat Powers' Celebrity Pictures (distributing for Columbia Pictures). Several other studios, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer among them, took note of Disney's success and began to look for ways to get Disney or compete.
MGM's first foray into animation was the Flip the Frog cartoon series, starring an anthropomorphic talking and singing frog. The series was produced independently for Celebrity Pictures by Ub Iwerks, formerly the head animator at the Disney studio. Celebrity Pictures' Pat Powers had hired Iwerks away from Disney with the promise of giving Iwerks his own studio, and was able to secure a distribution deal with MGM for the Flip the Frog cartoons. The first Flip the Frog cartoon, Fiddlesticks, was released in August 1930,[7] and over two-dozen other Flip cartoons followed during the next three years. In 1933, the Flip character was dropped in favor of Willie Whopper, a new series featuring a lie-telling little boy. Willie Whopper failed to catch on, and MGM terminated its distribution deal with Iwerks and Powers, who had already began distributing their Comi-Color cartoons on their own.[8]
In February 1934 MGM signed a new deal with the Harman-Ising studio, which had just broken ties with producer Leon Schlesinger and the Warner Bros. studio o

[1] Key people William Hanna Joseph Barbera Hugh Harman

 years, with a complexion that ranged from dark to light flesh-tone and tusks that got variously smaller, larger, disappeared entirely, and reappeared. A frequent animation goof in The New Woody Woodpecker Show was to draw the mouth separate from the tusks, so it appeared theMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2013)
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Cartoon Studio
Title Card for the shorts produced by the studio
Industry    Animation
Motion pictures
Successor(s)    MGM Animation/Visual Arts
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation
Founded    1937
Founder(s)    Fred Quimby
Defunct    1957
Headquarters   
Culver City, California, U.S.
Overland and Montana Avenue
[1]
Key people    William Hanna
Joseph Barbera
Hugh Harman
Rudolf Ising
Tex Avery
Fred Quimby
Products    Animated films
Parent    Independent (1929–1937)
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1937–1958)
The Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio was the in-house division of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) motion picture studio in Hollywood responsible for producing animated short subjects to accompany MGM feature films in Loew's Theaters. Active from 1937 until 1957, the cartoon studio produced some of the most popular cartoon series and characters in the world, including Barney Bear, Droopy, and their best-known work, Tom and Jerry.
Prior to MGM turned Harman and Ising, MGM released the work of independent animation producer Ub Iwerks, and later the Happy Harmonies series from Hugh Harman and Rudolph Ising.[2] The MGM cartoon studio was founded to replace Harman and Ising, although both men eventually became employees of the studio.[3] After a slow start, the studio began to take off in 1940 after its short The Milky Way became the first non-Disney cartoon to win the Academy Award for Best Short Subjects: Cartoons.[4] The studio's roster of talent was benefited from an exodus of animators from the Schlesinger and Disney studios, who were facing issues with union workers. Originally established and run by executive Fred Quimb

ow-former United Paramount Theaters boss Leonard Goldenson for decades). Consequences of the decision include: More independent producers and studios to produce their film product free of major studio interference.

Movie studios previously charged low rents to exhibitors because they were owned by the studio. When the studios were forced to sell their theaters, the result was higher rental rates charged to exhibitors (rising from an average of approximately 35% to its current level of approximately 50%), so the studios could recoup their expenses.[citation needed] The inability to block-book an entire year's worth of movies caused studios to be more selective in the movies they made, resulting in higher production costs and dramatically fewer movies made. This also caused studios to raise the rates they charged theaters, since the volume of movies fell.
The court orders forcing the separation of motion picture production and exhibition companies are commonly referred to as the Paramount Decrees. Paramount Pictures Inc. was forced to split into two companies: the film company now called Paramount Pictures Corp. and the theater chain (United Paramount Theaters) which merged in 1953 with the American Broadcasting Company (which would be led, with great success, by the now-former United Paramount Theaters boss Leonard Goldenson for decades). Consequences of the decision include:
More independent producers and studios to produce their film product free of major studio interference.
The beginning of the end of the old Hollywood studio system and its golden age.
The weakening of the (Hays) Production Code, since it saw the rise of independent "art house" theaters which showed foreign or independent films made outside of its jurisdiction.
It would also eventually have an adverse effect on the major studios themselves and their film libraries, especially with the rise of television—that would result in some of these libraries being sold to other entities. Paramount itself sold off a majority of its films to MCA, which created EMKA, Ltd. to manage this library. Universal Television, an MCA successor, currently holds this library.
See alsoBuzz Buzzard
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011)
Buzz Buzzard
Woody Woodpecker character
Woody-wet-blanket-policy.jpg
Buzz Buzzard with Woody Woodpecker in his debut in 1948's Wet Blanket Policy.
First appearance    Wet Blanket Policy
Created by    Walter Lantz
Portrayed by    Lionel Stander (1948-1949)
Dallas McKennon (1950-1972)
Daws Butler (in "Spook-A-Nanny")
Mark Hamill (1999-2002) Jess Harnell (film)
Information
Species    Buzzard

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